Trip Routes
Flying the Edge of America
Route 01
267.3 NM and 2:18 from Oakland, CA to Crescent City, CA. This route was flown under IFR in complete IMC with a 500-foot ceiling ILS landing involving a DME arc.
Route 02
263.2 NM and 2:16 from Crescent City, CA to Astoria, OR. This flight included mixed IFR and VFR, ending with a visual approach at Astoria under 4,000-foot ceilings.
Route 03
178.4 NM and 1:33 from Astoria, OR to Port Angeles, WA. The flight was IFR in IMC all the way, concluding with an ILS approach and 4,000-foot ceilings.
Route 04
58.5 NM and 0:32 from Port Angeles, WA to Victoria, BC, Canada. This was an IFR flight in VMC that crossed the U.S.-Canadian border, ending with a visual approach under broken 4,000-foot ceilings.
Route 05
36.2 NM and 0:21 from Victoria, BC, Canada to Bellingham, WA. This IFR flight in VMC conditions returned us to the U.S., ending with a visual approach.
Route 06
123.7 NM and 1:09 from Bellingham, WA to Oroville, WA. A VFR flight over high terrain at 11,500 feet, encountering updrafts and downdrafts.
Route 07
256.5 NM and 2:13 from Oroville, WA to Glacier, MT. Another VFR flight over high terrain at 11,500 feet, chosen due to concerns about aircraft performance in these conditions.
Route 08
268.3 NM and 2:20 from Glacier, MT to West Yellowstone, MT. This VFR flight in VMC navigated high terrain through valleys using four user-defined GPS fixes.
Route 09
216.5 NM and 1:49 from West Yellowstone, MT to Billings, MT. A VFR flight in VMC, carefully planned through the lowest terrain.
Route 10
258.0 NM and 2:12 from Billings, MT to Rapid City, SD. A smooth VFR flight in VMC conditions.
Route 11
338.9 NM and 2:50 from Rapid City, SD to Grand Forks, ND. An IFR flight in IMC conditions, avoiding three thunderstorm cells en route.
Route 12
289.9 NM and 2:29 from Grand Forks, ND to Grand Marais, MN. This IFR flight in IMC included navigating through a thunderstorm cell.
Route 13
264.4 NM and 2:14 from Grand Marais, MN to Hancock-Houghton, MI. A partial IMC IFR flight concluding with an ILS landing.
Original Route
The originally planned route.
Actual Route
The actually flown route.